Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (2024)

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (1)

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (2)

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Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (8)APRIL, 2024. This graduatestudent completed the majorityof the requirements to obtainhonors, which included a 4.0 GPA,published works, recommendationfrom advisors, patent aproduct, etc. Congratulations!

CUM LAUDE
Philip Kamau Manyara
Bachelor of Science
Business Information Technology

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (9)MARCH 22, 2024. An articlewas published todayonline by MohammadShahidul Islam in CurrentTrends in EngineeringScience (CTES), USA.Link to the published article“Strength, Weakness, Opportunityand Threat (SWOT) Analysis ofBUET Chemical Engineering Educationin Home and Abroad” is:https://www.corpuspublishers.com/assets/articles/ctes-v4-24-1056.pdfAbstract: BangladeshUniversity of Engineering &Technology (BUET)’s ChemicalEngineering Departmentis almost 75 years old. Thisdepartment has one theworld’s best Chemical Engineeringcurriculums to teach enrolled bright studentsof the country. As result,the students can grab theteaching materials easilyto educate themselves.Despite this, the graduates facemany challenges to establishthemselves in home andabroad. Competitive curriculumand personal competency arethe strength. Lack of qualityfacility and resources are theweakness. Innovative qualityand devotion in profession arethe opportunity. ...Mohammad Shahidul Islamis an AIU Advisor and graduatedAtlantic InternationalUniversity from a Doctorateprogram with a major inChemical Engineering.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (10)Call for PapersThis Conference will be held25–29 April 2025hosted by National ChanghuaUniversity of Education,Changhua City, Taiwan.We invite proposals for paperpresentations, workshops/interactive sessions, posters/exhibits, colloquia, focuseddiscussions, innovation showcases,virtual posters, or virtuallightning talks.

2025 Special Focus:“Learning from ArtificialIntelligence: PedagogicalFutures and TransformativePossibilities”

Theme 1: ConsideringDigital Pedagogies
Theme 2: New DigitalInstitutions and Spaces
Theme 3: Technologiesof Mediation
Theme 4: DesigningSocial Transformations

Become a Presenter:
1. Submit a proposal
2. Review timeline
3. Register

Advance proposal deadline25 June, 2024Advance registration deadline25 July, 2024
Visit the website

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (11)APRIL, 2024. This graduate students completed their program with a high cumulative grade pointaverage, which reflects the quality of performance within their respective major. Congratulations!

DISTINCTION
Khy Phearun
Doctor of Philosophy
Educational Technology

DISTINCTION
Paul Antonio Anchundia Bastidas
Doctor of Philosophy · Organic Agriculture:
Plant Oxo-Hydrothermal Regeneration

DISTINCTION
Guven Icoz
Doctor of Science
Security and Strategic Studies

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (12)

Ivany Neto Carlos
Bachelor of Business and Economics
Accounting
Angola
Moya Modise
Doctor of Education
Curriculum and Evaluation
Botswana
Bambara Thibaut
Master of Science
Public Health
Burundi
Khy Phearun
Doctor of Philosop hy
Educational Technology
Cambodia
Nanfa Simon
Doctor of Science
Health Care Management
Cameroon
Israr Waheed
Doctor of Philosop hy
Maritime Management
Canada
Kieran Oliver Finch
Bachelor of Science
Mechanical Engineering
Cayman Islands
Hector Erazo Ospina
Bachelor of Science
Civil Engineering
Colombia
Julio C. Reyes Hiraldo
Bachelor of Project Management
Development of New Projects
Dominican Republic
Paul Antonio Anchundia Bastidas
Doctor of Philosop hy
Org. Agri.: Plant Oxo-Hydrothermal Reg.
Ecuador
Cindy Yajaira Rodriguez de Rivas
Bachelor of Science
Nutrition and Dietetics
El Salvador
Edith Flore Djoumele
Bachelor of Education
Educative Administration and Supervision
Equatorial Guinea
Mark Obeng Andoh
Doctor of Theology
Theology
Ghana
Kwame Osei-Bonsu
Master of Accounting
International Taxation
Ghana
Ida Adjoa Asiedu
Bachelor of Science
Business Communication
Ghana
Pedro Luis Tavarez Maria
Bachelor of Science
Civil Engineering
Italy
Saul Davis Sango
Master of Psychology
Industrial and Organizational Psychology
Kenya
Nathan Nyamao
Bachelor of Science
Mechanical Engineering
Kenya
Philip Kamau Manyara
Bachelor of Science
Business Information Technology
Kenya
Daniel Sandoval Ocampo
Doctor of Science
Nutrition
Mexico
Odete Moises Cossa
Doctor of Science
Public Health
Mozambique
Juan Jose Montoya Perez
Master of Legal Studies
Criminal and Civil Legal Studies
Nicaragua
Adenekan Aminat Omonike
Bachelor of Science
Food Science
Nigeria
Oluwole Muyiwa Smile
Doctor of Healthcare Administration
Health Economics
Nigeria
Ahmed Gimba Bello
Doctor of Science
Economics
Nigeria
Simon Urakowi Ugi
Doctor of Philosop hy
Educational Leadership
Pap ua New Guinea
Claude Phiri
Bachelor of Science
Accounting and Financial Management
South Africa
Marius Florin Vlad
Doctor of Education
Education
Spain
Guven Icoz Graduate with Distinction
Doctor of Science
Security and Strategic Studies
Türkiye
Wilfred Opio Wanyama
Doctor of Business Administration
Marketing
Uganda
Dr. Zelda Hill
Doctor of Philosop hy
Music Education
United Kingdom
Babatunde Olusakin Olorunfemi
Doctor of Business Administration
Business Management
United Kingdom
Abdulganiyu Olayiwola Salako
Doctor of Philosop hy
Geomechanics
USA
Sarah J. Loudy
Doctor of Philosop hy
Sport Science and Nutrition
USA

Gallery: aiu.edu/Graduation/grids/currentgallery.html
Interviews: www.aiu.edu/Graduation/grids/interviews.html

This month we have graduates from: Angola · Botswana · Burundi · Cambodia · Cameroon · Canada · Cayman Islands · Colombia · Dominican Republic · Ecuador · El Salvador · Equatorial Guinea · Ghana · Italy · Kenya · Mexico · Mozambique · Nicaragua ·Nigeria · Papua New Guinea · South Africa · Spain · Türkiye · Uganda · United Kingdom · USA

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (13)

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (14) Carol Jannette PER
Master of Psychology
February 19, 2024

“I hope this letter finds you well. Iam writing to express my utmostgratitude and satisfaction with theeducational experience I had at AtlanticInternational University while pursuingmy Master’s in Psychology. I wanted toshare with you the significant impactthis journey has had on my personaland professional growth.From the first day I enrolled at AIU,I was impressed by the institution’scommitment to providing a qualityeducation that transcends geographicalboundaries. The innovative onlineplatform allowed me to access manyeducational resources, and receiveprompt feedback from professors,creating an immersive and interactivelearning environment.

The curriculum offered in the Masterin Psychology program was comprehensive,rigorous, and tailored to meetthe demands of the field. The courseworkencompassed a wide range of psychologicaltheories, research methodologies,and practical applications.

Theprofessors, who were experts in theirrespective fields, were approachable andsupportive throughout the duration ofthe program. One aspect that particularly stood outduring my time at AIU was the emphasisplaced on real-world applications oftheoretical concepts. The integration ofcase studies and practical assignments.Moreover, the university’s commitmentto fostering research and intellectualinquiry was evident throughits extensive library resources andresearch support services.

The facultymembers encouraged and guidedstudents in conducting independentresearch, which not only deepened ourunderstanding of specific topics butalso contributed to the advancement ofknowledge in the field of psychology.I am also immensely grateful for thespecialized focus on Andrology at AIU,which has deepened my understandingof this fascinating field and equippedme with the knowledge and skills tomake a meaningful impact.

Overall, my experience at AIU hasbeen nothing short of exceptional. Thecomprehensive curriculum, supportivefaculty, and interactive learning environmenthave collectively nurtured myintellectual curiosity and equipped mewith the necessary skills and knowledgeto continue in the field of psychology.In conclusion, I would like to expressmy heartfelt gratitude to AtlanticInternational University for providingme with an outstanding educationalexperience. I am immensely proud to bean alumnus of this esteemed institutionand look forward to utilizing the skillsand knowledge gained during my ... READ TEXT:

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (15) Sarah Loudy
Doctor of Sports Science and Nutrition
February 22, 2024

“While I am a unique individualwith my own academic story,I imagine my Atlantic InternationalUniversity journey is one that is sharedamong many other AIU graduates. Simplyput —I chose AIU for several reasons,and it is unlikely that those circ*mstancesare unique to only me. AIU wasa perfect fit for my situation and goals.Frankly, I don’t know that I could haveachieved my Doctorate degree in a moreadvantageous way than I did with AIU.AIU’s program was key to my successin many ways. Please allow me a briefexplanation through my personal story.

I didn’t start working toward a Doctoratedegree until years after completingmy Master’s. At that time, I wasn’tsure what, if anything, I felt enoughpassion for to continue my formal education.I decided not to force the issueand allow it to come to me organicallyin time. And if I discovered somethingI was passionate about, I would thendecide whether or not it would be worthpursuing through continued education.

As such, I continued working withoutgiving another degree much additionalthought. Then after five years ofteaching, I did in fact find that I have a passion for a particular subject matter.I realized that I was always over-thetopexcited and would really “geekout”whenever I had the opportunity tointegrate the benefits of exercise andnutrition into my lectures. So then thequestion followed, can I pursue a Doctoratedegree practically and feasibly?Once I discovered my passion,

I beganresearching schools and programs thatwould allow me to continue my educationin the field of exercise physiologyand nutrition. As it turns out, AIU fitthe bill perfectly. AIU not only allowedme to study exactly what I wanted,but it was also my best option becauseonline, distance-learning was requiredgiven my job and geographic location.AIU offered a self-paced program,which was extremely favorable since Iwork full time and have a young familyto care for. As if those factors couldn’tbe any more ideal, AIU also had anextremely reasonable tuition plan andoffered a scholarship!

Needless to say, I was extremelyexcited to start working toward aDoctorate degree with AIU and gotoff to a really good start in the fall of2019. Then, COVID struck, and my workchanged drastically as a result. I wasvery fortunate to keep my job, but allmy teaching materials were designedfor in-person instruction, so I had alot of work to do to get nearly all myprofessional teaching materials intoan online format and had little time tocontinue my studies. ... READ TEXT:

FIND MORE TESTIMONIALS FROM AIU STUDENTS HERE:

By Dr. Rosa Hilda Lora M. Advisor at AIU | [emailprotected]

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (16)

When talking about benefits,many immediatelythink of the economic aspect.The benefit of something is notonly an economic aspect, it’salso a quality of life aspect.Quality of life refers to havingthe opportunity to grow asa human being, receiving thebenefits corresponding to HumanRights from the State.As for learning, it’s beingable to identify an object, whichcan be physical or ideal, and thecharacteristics it has. Learning can be informal andformal. Informal learningis what we obtain through theexperience we acquire in livingwith others. Formal learningis what science providesus. For formal learning weneed to be guided in the methodsthat science must achieveknowledge of objects.In formal learning we currentlyhave serious problemsbecause the States, whichoversee organizing education,in many cases, change the socialsciences for ideologies thatsuit their interests to remainin power. We also have theproblem that many citizens aremade to think that education,learning, is beneficial for a few.Another difficulty is theimplementation that the Statesdo so that all citizens can havequality education.We know that there arePsychological and Pedagogicalmethods so that studentscan achieve the knowledge thattoday’s society demands.

The implementation andtraining of knowledge accompaniersis something that manyStates don’t do because theysave the money for other activitiesthat suit their interests.Human Rights are rights ofall human beings and due totheir ignorance, many peopleare used for the benefit of certainrulers.There are 30 Human Rightsand States are obliged to providethem to all beings in thesociety they represent.The State is not for thebenefit of certain groups. “…it is said that the State, as ahuman work, has been built toserve social, that is, collective,purposes of all the membersof a society…” National AutonomousUniversity of Mexico- UNAM . LegalArchives- p. 46-47. https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/3/1461/5.pdfThe State arises to organizeeveryone in a coexistence ofopportunities for all. In thetimes in which we live, groupsof human beings have appropriatedthe functions of theState to only look after theireconomic well-being.Education and QualityEducation is a Right for everyhuman being. From the legal point of view “...it is statedthat the State is a legal personformed by a political community,settled in a determinedterritory and sovereignly organizedin its own governmentwith decision and action.”National Autonomous University of Mexico-UNAM . Legal Archives- p. 46 https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/3/1461/5.pdfThe State is not an entitythat emerged from the taste ofanyone: it means the coexistenceand organization ofhuman beings and the opportunityto be had and treatedwith all the benefits and rightsas a human being.

“Education is a humanright. The right to educationis enshrined in article 26 ofthe Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights. The declarationcalls for free primary educationand mandatory. The Conventionon the Rights of the Child,adopted in 1989, goes furtherby stipulating that countriesmust make higher educationaccessible to all.” United Nations. International Education Day. january 24.https://www.un.org/es/observances/education-dayLet’s see what Human Rightsare because many people, dueto their lack of knowledge,are deceived by the States thatclaim to give privileges to citizensand what they do is givewhat is their obligation andmaintain the discourse thatthey are wonderful for everything.What they do when it istheir obligation.

Universal Declarationof Human RightsAll human beings are bornfree and equal.All people have all the rightsof this Declaration.Every person has the right:To the life.No one may be subjected toslavery.No one will be subjected totorture.Every person: has the rightto be recognized in his or herpersonality.It is equal before the law.They have the right to effectiverecourse before the law.No one can be arbitrarilydetained.Everyone has the right to beheard publicly:He or her has the right to bepresumed innocent.No one will be subject tointerference in her private life.You have the right to:

Move freely.To seek asylum.To a nationality.To find a family.To private and collectiveproperty.To freedom of thought.To the expression freedom.To freedom of assembly.To participate in the governmentof your country.To social security.To work.To rest.To social services.To education.To cultural life.For Human Rights to bemade effective.Has duties to the community.Nothing in the Declarationof Human Rights can beinterpreted differently. UnitedNations. Peace, Dignity and Equality on a healthy planet.https://www.un.org/es/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights

We may ask ourselves bywhat means we can makeeveryone aware of their rightsas human beings. The bestinstrument is education.“Education is key to sustainabledevelopment. When the2030 Agenda for SustainableDevelopment was adopted,the international communityrecognized that education isessential to the success ofits 17 goals. Goal number 4of Sustainable Developmentspecifically aims to ‘ensureinclusive and equitable qualityeducation and promotelifelong learning opportunitiesfor all’ by the year 2030.”https://www.un.org/es/observances/education-day Education is so importantthat the World Bank committedto helping achieve goal 4 of theSustainable Development GoalsSDG 4. Without a people, a Nationwithout Education we canachieve little.

The World Bank committedto helping achieve the SustainableDevelopment Goal – SDG4, which works for equitable,inclusive, and quality education.World Bank. Press release. 2024,04. https://www.worldbank.org/es/topic/education/overviewWe are living in a worldthat seems unknown to us: anabundance of science, but alsohate speech. What is happeningto human beings? Will thehuman species disappear alongthis path?The human species will notdisappear because we were bornto build. Human beings, by ournature, need others to grow, tolearn. If we were as a societybuilding the path to disappear,we would have already done somany centuries ago.

We are living a stage of great experience, some would say,to learn the value we have. Atthese moments in History, weare witnessing a few who couldnot have had more hate speechand misinformation. We willlearn to value who we are andhow much we can grow.It seems that the other onedoesn’t exist. We must learnthe value of the other, the waysof coexistence.We must learn, we muststudy to know where we aregoing, to understand the wayof being with others.You are studying and studyingshould be to grow and togive to others. You do yourprogram at Atlantic InternationalUniversity (AIU):Study and you will grow.Give to othersso you can be happy.Only in this way we willall live growing.Only this way we willlive in peace.

BIBLIOGRAPHY. Banco Mundial. Comunicado de Prensa. 2024.04. https://www.bancomundial.org/es/topic/education/overview | NacionesUnidas. Día Internacional de la Educación. 2024. enero 24. https://www.un.org/es/observances/education-day | Organización de las NacionesUnidas. Paz, Dignidad e Igualdad en un planeta sano. https://www.un.org/es/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights | UniversidadNacional Autónoma de México - UNAM. Archivos jurídicos- p. 46-47. https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/3/1461/5.pdf | UniversidadNacional Autónoma de México - UNAM. Archivos jurídicosp.46. https://archivos.juridicas.unam.mx/www/bjv/libros/3/1461/5.pdf

Masimba Gwemende | Doctorate in Agricultural Science

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (17)

I. IntroductionThis study employed pragmaticworld view coupled withmixed methodology designand research approach (Creswell,2014). The main focus was onhow the eucalyptus tree speciesimpact ground water depletion.As the survey processprogressed, it was noted that,a paradigm shift is needed ingroundwater management,from technocratic approachesto use of collaborative, participatoryknowledge systems.Groundwater users, technicalspecialists, scientists andpolicy makers need to workjointly with the support offacilitators, and backed bydemonstration results, learningand communications.They should collaborate toalign groundwater knowledge,governance reforms, economicincentives, investment andsocial organisation. Smith(2016), associates the tree’sfast growth, adaptability to awide range of environments and socio-economic roles itplays to its global supportit has gained. Since 1980’sInternational Monetary Fund(IMF) promoted tree plantations.In compliance to IMF’scall most countries worldwideadapted to establishing plantationswith the earth coveredby forestry plantations whichincreased from 167 million to277.9 million hectares from1990 to 2015. Brazil, Argentinaand Chile comprise the largestareas of forestry plantations inSouth America. Currently Brazilhas about 7.8 million hectaresof planted forests, mainly eucalyptus(5.7 million hectares)and pinus (1,6) (Tiago Souza Mattos,2019). As for the African region,forestry plantations were earmarkedto meet increased demandfor domestic industries,export, fuel wood and charcoal,together with the demand foran array of non-wood products.Pressure has been exertedon natural forests as a resultof urbanisation and above all human population growth. Assuch production levels are; 1.76million in W. Africa, 0.15 in E.Africa, 0.05 in C. Africa and2.2 million in Southern Africa(Chamshama and Nwonw u, 2004). Whilethe above production levelswere mainly inclined to meeteconomic targets, plantationforests could play ecologicalroles in buffering floods,increasing interception rates,decreasing surface runoff aswell as contributing to anaccumulation of soil organicmatter (Bonn esoeur etal, 2019).The purpose of this studyis to alert farmers on thecontroversial impact pausedby the eucalyptus tree specieson ground water depletion, aphenomenon that seemed tobe silent among the group ofpeople and has led to divertingof the cropping programmes oncertain lands as well as shiftingfarmers from old farming sitesrelocating themselves to newsites of favourable conditions.Targeted farmers in questionseem to be a neglected groupby most studies because oftheir farmland sizes and location(Subsistence farmers).Most studies concentrated onbig forestry plantations ignoringsmall forestry tree establishments(less than 1 hectareplantations).

Water depletion on groundwater sources was mainlyattributed to climate change,putting very little blame onother factors if not none atall except for experts in thearea of hydrological studies.The study will demystify thedilemma of only associatingground water shortage to poorprecipitation. Inclusion of this minority group in the studycloses the gap left by mostresearchers.

Various studies based onforestry tree plantation concentratedmuch on the productionside with less input onexpatiating the negative impactpaused by such plants in particularthe eucalyptus species.Timberwatch Coalition andWorld Rainforest Movement(2016) concentrated on projectsearmarked at exploiting allAfrican patches with a potentialto produce timber and toinclude countries falling withinWest, East, Central and SouthernAfrica. White etal (2916)consider eucalyptus as contributingto positive developmentthrough retention of soil in itsnatural state as well as providingwood-based products.Negatively however, note thetrees as impacting the availabilityof underground waterlevels by excessively drawingit than what the soil shouldretain. Studies by Rotzer etal(2016) view forest trees asnatural water balancing bodiesregulated by climatic conditionsvariation in which lossescan be restricted through stomaclosure or emitted as stomaopen and thus maintaining anuncompromised water balance.This Scientific view isshared with that of Braun etal(2004) where ground waterlevels are naturally regulated contributed much to the tree’sloss of credibility which is thenerve centre of this study. Thisimplies that continuous productionof the tree species indrought threated regions wouldrender the people into greatfood security risks.

II. Study methodologyThis study specificallyused exploratory sequentialmixed method approachwhere the researcher beganwith a qualitative researchphase in exploring the viewsof 24 farmers selected from 52Ward 20 villages of CikombaDistrict in the MashonalandEast province -Zimbabwe...The data was then analyzed,and the information used tobuild into a second, quantitativephase. The qualitativephase was used to constructthe questionnaire instrumentthat best fits the sample understudy (Creswell, 2014). The studyused 3 ponds as a 3-year casestudy after prior observationof some water level changesin ponds and other areas thatused to be marshy at certaintimes of the year but havetotally changed as nearby eucalyptustree canopy increased.The questionnaire containedthe purpose of planting thetree, justification on the choiceof the site; awareness on howthe tree could impact groundwater sources levels and views on action to take in getting ridof wrongly sited plantations.Concurrently observations weremade to determine how thetree species impacted groundwater levels. Questionnairecontents were schematised.

III. Resultsand discussionWith reference to Table 1,33.3% the respondents plantedtrees around their croppingareas irregardless of wherethe farmland was situated andcould not have been aware onhow the trees could impactcrop productivity which thetrees later did as their canopiesincreased. 29% of the respondentsaimed at establishingtimber for general homeuse and tree establishmentto them had to be anywhereas long as they managed toget timber for the intendedpurpose. 25% of those utilisingidle land were also not siterestrictive as they were targetingat open spaces. Drainingexcess water by 12.5% of therespondents was site specificon earmarking wetlands.Heterogeneous and egocentricitythat existed among therespondents depicted howliberal the pattern of plantingwas, as evidenced randomisedtree establishment.Data in table depicts thatthe trees were planted inwetland constituting 41.7% of the respondents and thewetlands could be within thewater course or near watersources where vegetable gardenscould be located. 33.3%of the demarcated farm landcould be gardens near watersources (Figure 1) at high waterdemanding eucalyptus treeswhich create a high watergradient and deplete undergroundwater nearby. A 25%utilising of available land couldin-discriminatorily includedwetlands which have probabilitiesof being left out as unsuitablyfor cropping purposes andyet are an underground watersource. Exposing eucalyptus towetlands subjects the land towater depletion especially on sites with limited water supplyas the case with the sites understudy. Coining the results ofthe study to empirical findingsby Joshi and Palasami (2011)where the tree said to draw asmuch as 90 litres of water perday. (Figure 2)Table 3 reflects that 16.7% ofthe respondents were the onlypeople who were aware thateucalyptus trees could depleteground but could be the samepeople who did not plant treeson water depletion sites. 83.3%of the respondents could havewrongly sited their plantations(Figure 1) due to ignorance andcould be the group that couldhave benefited from the outcomesof the study.

Table 4 shows an 83.4%outweigh of those who felt thetrees could remain on wronglysited lands as long as theyserved anticipated social andeconomic roles constituted by16.7%. The results could meanthat, production of other basiccrops outweighed benefits obtainedfrom eucalyptus probablybecause economic benefitsof the tree at small scale arenot forthcoming.

IV. ConclusionThe advantages drawn fromthe study have showcased that;• Commercial benefits derivedfrom eucalyptus trees aftermanufacturing do not mattermost at small scale productionthan what people could do without the tree.• People’s attitudes in themanagement of the waterresource could change forthe better.• People could accept the treebe grown at commerciallyselected sites other thanhaphazard planting whichtend to threaten undergroundwater resource.• Up to 90 litres of waterdischarged by the tree (Joshiand Palanisani 2011) in the dryseason could be difficult tocompensate under dry seasonconditions where ruralpeople would need watermost for watering theirvegetable crops therefore itsremoval serves a lot of water.• Small farm setups may not accommodate the productionof the tree because oncethe tree colonises the area,reduction of space for basic crop production results aggravatingfamine and thuscontributing to high socialcosts for governments.

In as much as the study hasjustified the need to discouragepeople from establishingeucalyptus trees in areaswhere land size and usemight not permit, incorrecthandling of the study outcomesmight result in;• Sedimentation of watersources due to completeremoval of the tree where itcould serve the purpose.• Disruption of the hydrologicalcycle in areas which arenaturally bare and a bitfurther from water sourceswhere the tree could servethe purpose.• Relocating the farmersthreatened by depleted watersources in areas they wereused to depend on availablewater could be a bit expensiveas there is need to findalternatives like sinkingcostly boreholes for individualpoor rural farmers.• There are some challengesto convince people to getrid of their small plantationsfor the good of availingwater for the farmerwhose farming activities aresituated at lower sites of theplantations.

Acknowledgement
The author is grateful to thesons Vigil N Gwemende andRedemption M Gwemende forrunning around on questionnairedistribution.

REFERENCES. [1]. John W. Creswell (2014) Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitativeand Mixed Methods Approaches 4th Ed, SAGE, Los Angeles/London/New Delhi Singapore/Washington DC. [2]. Branum, C.I., Eberts, S.M., Jones S.A. and Harvey, G.J. (2004)Water–level variation and their effects tree growth and mortality on the biochemicalsystems at the phytoremediation demonstration site in Fort Worth , Texas, 1996–2003,U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2003–5107, 39pp. [3]. Mark Smith,Katharine Cross, Mary Paden and Peter Laban (eds.) (2016) spring–managing groundwatersustainably IUN, Grand, Switzerland. [4]. Mukund1 Joshi and K. Palanisami. Impactof Eucalyptus Plantations on Ground Water Availability in South Karnataka, ICID 21 1stInternational Congress on Irrigation and Drainage, 15–23 October 2011, Tehran, Iran.[5]. S.A.O. Chamshama and F.O.C. Nwunwo (2004) A report prepared for the project,“Lessons Learnt on Sustainable Forestry Management Africa, African Forestry ResearchNetwork (AF3ORNET), and FAO. [6]. Tiago Souza Mattos, Paulo Tarso Sanches, de Oliveira,Muliro Caser Lucas and Edson Wenland (2019) Groundwater Recharge Decrease ReplacingPasture by Eucalyptus Plantations, [emailprotected]; Tel +55–46–3220-2560.[7]. Timberwatch Coalition (South Africa) Industrial Forestry Tree Plantations InvadingEastern & Southern Africa, Ph +37834442083, October 2016. [8]. T. Rotzer, R. Matyssek,G. Schiitze, H. Pretzsch, K. H. Haberke, C. Kallenbach. (2017) Tree Species and size drivewater consumption of beech / spruce forests —a simulation study highlighting growth,under water limitation, Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland DOI 10.1007 /S11104–017–3306–X. [9]. Vivien Bonnesoeur, Bruno Locatelli, Manuel R. Guariguata, BorisF. Ochoa – Tocachi, Veerle Vanacker, Zhun Mao, Alexio Stokes, Sarah–Lan Mathez– Stiefei,Paper published in Forest Ecology and Management (2019) https://dioi.org/106/j foreco.2018–033. [10]. White, D.A. Battaglia M. and Mendham D.S. 2016. Water use and waterproductivity of Eucalyptus plantations in South East Asia. ACIAR Technical Reports SeriesNo. 89. Centre for International Agricultural Research Camberra 55pp.

Publications by students: https://www.aiu.edu/student-publications/

Learn the difference between different types.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (18)We generally think of empathy asthe capacity to place ourselvesin another person’s shoes. However,research has found that it is possibleto have several types of empathy, andcognitive empathy and emotional empathyare two primary empathy types.Cognitive empathy means that youcan understand another person’sperspective. It is also referred to asperspective-taking or putting yourselfin someone else's shoes.In essence, you can imagine what itmight be like to be that person in theirsituation, giving you a better understandingof their experience.Emotional empathy is when youcan feel another person’s emotions.If you’re sitting close to a loved oneand they start to cry, for example,you might begin to feel sad too. This is emotional empathy. What they areexperiencing emotionally has an impacton your emotional state.When we experience emotional empathy,we are moving from the cognitiveperspective into a shared emotionalexperience.Research indicates that there is apositive correlation between emotionalempathy and a willingness to helpothers. In other words, it is more likelythat someone with emotional empathywill be moved to help a person in need.Compassionate empathy refers tohaving sympathy or compassion foranother person and their circ*mstances.Some consider this one of the maintypes of empathy that a person canexperience, along with cognitive andemotional ...Read full text:

It may have facilitated human dispersal out of Africa.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (19)Researchers working in the Hornof Africa have uncovered evidenceshowing how Middle Stone Age humanssurvived in the wake of the eruption ofToba, one of the largest supervolcanoesin history, some 74,000 years ago. Thebehavioral flexibility of these MiddleStone Age people not only helped themlive through the supereruption butmay have facilitated the later dispersalof modern humans out of Africa andacross the rest of the world.Modern humans dispersed fromAfrica multiple times, but the eventthat led to global expansion occurredless than 100,000 years ago. Someresearchers hypothesize that dispersalswere restricted to “green corridors”formed during humid intervalswhen food was abundant and humanpopulations expanded in lockstep with their environments. But a new study inNature led by scientists at The Universityof Texas at Austin suggests thathumans also may have dispersed duringarid intervals along “blue highways”created by seasonal rivers. Researchersalso found stone tools that representthe oldest evidence of archery.The team investigated the Shinfa-Metema1 site in the lowlands of presentdaynorthwestern Ethiopia along theShinfa River, a tributary of the Blue NileRiver. Based on isotope geochemistry ofthe teeth of fossil mammals and ostricheggshells, they concluded that the sitewas occupied by humans during a timewith long dry seasons on par with someof the most seasonally arid habitats inEast Africa today. ...Read full text:

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Good bye Polaris, the Earth will get a new North Star.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (20)If you look up into the clear night skyin the Northern Hemisphere, you willsee the star Polaris, more commonlyknown as the North Star.Sitting around 1 degree away fromthe geographic North Pole, Polarishas been used in navigation (of theNorthern hemisphere) for centuries.But it hasn’t always been our NorthStar. That title has previously been heldby binary star system Thuban, whichwas closer to the geographic North Polebetween 3942 and 1793 BCE.Thuban, named in Ancient Egypt andmeaning “head of the serpent”, consistsof a white giant star 2.8 times asmassive as the Sun, with a secondarystar thought to be an A-type mainsequencestar around 2.6 solar masses. The reason why it used to be, andone day will again be, our NorthStar has to do with the Earth’s axialprecession.“Forces associated with the rotationof Earth cause the planet to be slightlyoblate, displaying a bulge at the equator.The moon’s gravity primarily, andto a lesser degree the Sun’s gravity, acton Earth’s oblateness to move the axisperpendicular to the plane of Earth’sorbit,” NASA explains. “However, due togyroscopic action, Earth’s poles do not‘right themselves’ to a position perpendicularto the orbital plane. Instead,they precess at 90 degrees to the forceapplied. This precession causes the axisof Earth to ...
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‘Mysterious’ leafhopper particles could hold key to it.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (21)Leafhoppers, which are foundaround the world, coat themselvesin particles known as brochosomes.The study by researchers at Penn Statereplicated the complex geometry of theparticles, and studied how they absorbvisible and ultraviolet (UV) light.That understanding could enable thedevelopment of bioinspired optical materialswith applications ranging fromcloaking devices to coatings for moreefficient solar energy, said Tak-SingWong, professor of mechanical andbiomedical engineering.The tiny particles have an unusualgeometry with cavities. Their exactpurpose was “something of a mystery”since the 1950s, the university announcementsaid, but in 2017 Wong leda research team that created a basic, synthetic version to better understandtheir function.Making them in a lab was a challengedue to the complexity of the particle’sgeometry, said Lin Wang, lead authorof the new study. “It has been unclearwhy the leafhoppers produce particleswith such complex structures,” he said.“We managed to make these brochosomesusing a high-tech 3D printingmethod in the lab. We found that theselab-made particles can reduce lightreflection by up to 94%.”The researchers found that the size ofthe holes in the brochosome is extremelyimportant. The size is consistentacross leafhopper species, no matter thesize of the insect’s body. ...Read full text

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Fighting AI for fair wages.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (22)Last week, nonprofit musician advocacygroup Artist Rights Allianceposted an open letter on Medium pleadingwith AI companies to not use thetechnology to devalue their music.“Unchecked, AI will set in motion arace to the bottom that will degrade thevalue of our work and prevent us frombeing fairly compensated for it,” saysthe letter. It’s signed by over 200 bighitters in the music industry, includingBillie Eilish, Smokey Robinson, KaceyMusgraves, Elvis Costello, Katy Perry,and even the estate of Frank Sinatra,whose voice has been a ubiquity in the“AI generated covers” trend.Universal Music Group also took aswing against AI earlier this year whenit pulled its entire catalog off of TikTok.UMG’s open letter touted similar themes,explaining how the platform is allowingAI-generated content to “massivelydilute the royalty pool for human artists,in a move that is nothing short of sponsoringartist replacement by AI.” ...As the music industry scrambles tofind solutions, OpenAI just announceda tool that can create a replica of a humanvoice.Read full text:

Eco-friendly solutions in Design and Architecture

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (23)Established in 2006, Polypiù is a familybusiness dedicated to innovationin the construction industry for overfour decades. The company engagesclosely with designers and installers ofskylights and industrial coverings, dedicatingcomprehensive resources towardspractical, effective solutions.They utilize polycarbonate, an adaptablematerial perfect for various uses.Polycarbonate is a sophisticated polymer,consisting of numerous moleculargroups linked in a chain throughrepeated covalent bonds. Specifically,polycarbonate is produced from carbonicacid and a chemical group from Bisphenol.There are compact and multiwallvariants of polycarbonates. Within interiordesign, polycarbonate facilitates thepartitioning of spaces without resortingto construction. Additionally, it allows for the customization of panels throughcoloring and/or decorating. ...“Polycarbonate honeycomb systemsare innovative modular structures designedfor various applications includingindustrial glazing and windows.These systems are designed to be costeffectivewith high light transmission,good thermal insulation properties, andan attractive aesthetic finish withoutthe need for connection profiles. Theyare complemented by framing profilesand finishing accessories to meetdiverse construction needs.These structures are used in diverseconstruction contexts, includingindustrial windows and glazing,curtain walls, roofs, and modularsystems for both commercial and civilprojects. ...Read full text

avoid bad design in general

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (24)To avoid bad design in general,and even more so when it comesto people living with disabilities, itis critical to recruit a representativegroup of the people you want to designfor. And, in fact, not design for thembut design with them. This is the bestand fastest way to check if you are onthe right track.It takes a two-minute discussionwith even a small group of people livingwith accessibility needs to understandthat one-size-fits-all does notwork. There are too many differentand complex conditions and challengesto cover.Investing massively to find the perfectproduct that works for everyoneand then mass-producing it could takean eternity and might never work. Sowhy not embrace the ever-improvingpossibilities offered by online customisation,3D printing or other emergingtechnologies? ... Read full text


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May be getting worse because of climate change.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (25)Every spring, people start flocking toNeelima Tummala’s ear, nose andthroat clinic. They seek remedies forsinus infections, a scratchy throat andother pollen-induced allergy symptoms.And over the past several years, manyhave complained that their hay feversymptoms are worsening and lastingmany weeks longer than they used to.The likely culprit, Tummala says, isclimate change.As fossil-fuel burning continuesto flood the atmosphere with carbondioxide and other greenhouse gases,driving up average global temperatures,the planet’s seasons are also shifting. ...With toasty temperatures dominatingmore of the year, pollen and other seasonalallergens can flourish, exacerbatingsymptoms for the 26% of adults and 19% of children in the US who experiencethem. “The prevalence of allergic rhinitishas increased each year over the pastdecades,” says Tummala, who practicesin the Division of Otolaryngology at theGeorge Washington School of Medicineand Health Sciences ...Climate change could be altering USpollen patterns by lengthening the country’s“frost-free” season, the period betweenthe final 32ºF reading of the yearin the spring and the first 32ºF reading inthe fall. During this time, plants are ableto produce blossoms and sprouts withoutrisk of frost damage and can welcomehoneybees and other pollinators to collectnectar and distribute pollen. ...Read full text

How the brain regulates them.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (26)Researchers at Dartmouth have led astudy that looks into how the brainregulates emotions. Published in NatureNeuroscience, this study shows the intricatemechanisms behind our emotionalresponses and how we manage them.Lead author Ke Bo, a postdoctoral researcherat Dartmouth’s Cognitive andAffective Neuroscience Lab, explains theexcitement of uncovering brain regionssolely dedicated to regulating emotions.These findings offer new insight intothe inner workings of our minds andcould change clinical applications formental health treatments. This studysuggests targeting specific brain regionsfor stimulation to enhance regulations.Researchers used computationalmethods to analyse participants’ brainactivity exposed to emotionally charged images. They discovered distinct areasresponsible for emotion regulation,shedding light on how we navigate andcope with negative experiences.The study shows the role of theanterior prefrontal cortex and otherhigher-level cortical regions in emotionregulation. These brain regions,involved in abstract thinking andlong-term planning, play a vital role inreframing our perceptions of challengingsituations.The study also explores the influenceof neurotransmitters like dopamine,serotonin, and cannabinoids on emotionregulation. These chemicals, whichshape neural communication, werefound to interact with the brain’s emotionregulation systems. ...Read full text:

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Zimbabwe declares state of disaster.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (27)Zimbabwe declared a state ofdisaster April 3, over a devastatingdrought that’s sweeping acrossmuch of southern Africa. The country’spresident declared it needs $2 billionfor humanitarian assistance. “Due tothe El Niño-induced drought … morethan 80% of our country received belownormal rainfall,” President EmmersonMnangagwa said in a speech callingfor international aid. The country’stop priority, he said, is “securing foodfor all Zimbabweans. No Zimbabweanmust succumb to, or die from hunger.”He appealed to United Nationsagencies, local businesses, and faithorganizations to contribute towardshumanitarian assistance.El Niño, a naturally occurring climaticphenomenon that warms partsof the Pacific Ocean every two to sevenyears, has varied effects on the world’sweather. In southern Africa, it typicallycauses below-average rainfall, butthis year has seen the worst drought indecades. In Zimbabwe, the United Nations’World Food Program has alreadyrolled out a food assistance programtargeting approximately 2.7 millionpeople, nearly 20% of the country’spopulation, from January to March.Zimbabwe, once a regional agriculturalpowerhouse and grain exporter,has in recent years relied more andmore on aid agencies to avert masshunger due to extreme weather conditionssuch as heat waves and floods. ...Read full text:

Rio Tinto’s mine promised prosperity. It tainted a community.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (28)Bloated and distorted carcassesshimmered on the surface of LakeAmbavarano in southeastern Madagascar.Forty-year-old fisherman OlivierRandimbisoa lost count as they floatedby. “I’d never seen anything like this”he said. ... As Randimbisoa paddledaround in his canoe, he recognized thespecies and called them by their localnames. Overnight, the fish he madehis living from, the fish that supportedthe entire lakeside community, werenearly gone.“It was scary, because we have beeneating fish from this lake for so long,and now it’s polluted,” said Randimbisoa.“We have told our families not togo to the lake.” He has a theory aboutwhat killed the fish. “It’s dirty waterfrom the factory of QMM,” he said. Lake Ambavarano is connectedto two other lakes —Besaroy andLanirano— through a series of narrowwaterways. The lakes are adjacentto QIT Madagascar Minerals, orQMM: a mine in Madagascar that’s80% owned by the Anglo-Australianmining and metals behemoth RioTinto, and 20% by the governmentof Madagascar. The mine extractsilmenite, a major source of titaniumdioxide, which is mainly used as awhite pigment in products like paints,plastics, and paper. QMM also producesmonazite, a mineral that containshighly sought-after rare-earth elementsused to produce the magnetsin electric vehicles and wind turbines....Read full text:


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Inadequate protection for migrants crossing the Darién Gap.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (29)Over half a million people crossedthe Darién Gap [a swampy jungleat the Colombia-Panama border] in2023, often heading to the UnitedStates. During their journey throughthis difficult terrain, Venezuelans,Haitians, and Ecuadorians, as wellas people from Asia and Africa, haveexperienced serious abuses, includingsexual violence. Dozens, if nothundreds, have lost their lives or gonemissing trying to cross. Many havenever been found.Human Rights Watch (HRW) visitedthe Darién Gap four times betweenApril 2022 and June 2023 andinterviewed almost 300 people. HRWdocumented why migrants and asylumseekers flee their own countries andare reluctant to stay in other countriesin South America; how criminal groupsabuse and exploit them on the way; andwhere Colombia’s and Panama’s policiesfall short in assisting, protecting,and investigating abuses against them.This report focuses on Colombia’sand Panama’s responses to migrationacross their border. It identifies specificshortcomings in their efforts to protectand assist these people —includingthose at higher risk, such as unaccompaniedchildren— as well as to investigateabuses against them. The reportprovides concrete recommendationsto the governments of Colombia andPanama on how to address these shortcomingsand to donor governments,the United Nations and regional bodies,and humanitarian organizations on howto support and cooperate ...Read full text:

Hilary Cass on her review of gender identity services.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (30)In the autumn of 2019, leadingconsultant paediatrician Hilary Cassagreed to conduct a review of internationalresearch into puberty blockersfor NHS England. She expected it to be ashort, straightforward task. ...Cass’s review is written in a calmlyclinical tone but there are momentswhen her anger about how NHS Englandhas cared for a generation of vulnerablechildren is barely disguised. Clinicianshave become “fearful”. The availableevidence is “poor”. Her efforts to conducta vital and comprehensive studyinto the outcomes of all 9,000 childrenand adolescents treated at the Tavistockand Portman gender identity developmentservice (Gids) clinic between 2009and 2020 were “thwarted”.Cass knows her recommendationswill be hugely controversial and that some children waiting for treatmentwill be dismayed by her conclusionsbut she is adamant that she has youngpeople’s best interests at heart.“We’ve let them down because theresearch isn’t good enough and wehaven’t got good data,” she said.The scope of her review is huge; shehas set out to review all the availableevidence on which gender medicine hasbeen based globally, as well as tryingto answer the puzzling question ofwhy the numbers of children seekingreferrals to gender clinics in the UK andin other developed countries began anexponential rise in around 2014, andwhy so many more girls began seekingtreatment. (In 2011-12 there were justunder 250 referrals ...
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Huge wildlife study probes its nuances.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (31)In the early days of the pandemic,the Internet was rife with tales ofnature reclaiming the world as humanswere confined to their homes. ... Butit turns out this quieting of the humanpresence on the planet —the “anthropause”as scientists called it— didn’tjust turn into a coming-out party forwildlife. Different types of animalsreacted very differently, according toresearch published this month. Someanimals proved relatively unfazed,while others shifted their behaviorsignificantly as nearby human activitywaxed and waned. ...To capitalize on the moment, a groupof scientists contacted researchers whowere using motion-triggered camerasto monitor mammal movements bothbefore and during the lockdowns. The observations covered everything fromhulking polar bears to diminutive cottontailrabbits. Most came from NorthAmerica and Europe, though a smatteringof studies originated in LatinAmerica, Africa and Asia. ... In forests,meadows and other less-developedareas, animals generally moved aroundless when humans were more active(like the other animals, humanmovements were gauged by how oftenthey were captured by the cameras).The mammals’ appearance in photosfell by 6% as human activity rose, thescientists reported in Nature Ecology &Evolution. The effect was greatest forcarnivores such as wolverines, wolvesand cougars. ...
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Unleashing the power of music in service of the planet.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (32)Musicians including Brian Eno areto name the Earth as a co-writerof their music, in order to divert a portionof their royalties towards environmentalactivism.Described as “a poetic construct …a beautiful idea” by Eno, the likes ofDave and Stormzy producer FraserT Smith and multiple Grammy winnerJacob Collier will add the Earth tothe credits of a forthcoming song orcomposition. A royalties percentage oftheir choice will be given in perpetuityto EarthPercent, a charity of whichEno is a founder and trustee, that raisesmoney from the music industry to fundenvironmental activism.Smith hailed it as “a brilliant initiative… adding the Earth as a beneficiaryon projects is not only a choicebut a necessity”. Rostam Batmanglij, formerly of Vampire Weekend andnow an acclaimed solo artist, hailedthe scheme as “an intelligent use ofthe income our intellectual propertygenerates”.Other musicians joining the schemeinclude Anna Calvi, Mount Kimbie,Erland Cooper and Aurora. Aurora said:“I am currently writing my next album—it’s an album about interconnectednessand the art of coexistence. Thereis no greater teacher than MotherEarth. There is no greater home, orprovider. There is no better place thanEarth. And that is why I want to makethis whole album with Mother Earth asa co-writer, because without her therewouldn’t be any such thing as music.”... Read full text:
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In eastern Borneo, beyondthe thick jungle forests, anepic building project is underway. Giant trucks, cementmixers and diggers lumberalong battered roads. Cranestower overhead. Yellow dustclouds the air, caking everythingin reach: the leaves ofeucalyptus trees, the sidesof passing vehicles and thehomes of nearby residents.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (33)

This site —a 2,560 sq km [.39sq miles] area encompassingindustrial plantations, mines,Indigenous communities and agricultural land— is to formNusantara, Indonesia’s newadministrative capital.The decision to move thecountry’s capital to a new sitewas taken because Jakarta israpidly sinking. In a singleyear, some areas of the capitalsubside by as much as 11 cm[.39 in], a problem driven byexcessive groundwater extractionand rapid urban development.On top of this, theclimate crisis is making stormsurges and extreme weathermore likely, and causing sea levels to rise. By 2050, about25% of the capital could besubmerged if there is no effectiveaction, according toa study by the government’sNational Research and InnovationAgency.Nusantara’s location, inthe province of East Kalimantan,means the newcapital will be at the centreof Indonesia’s archipelago of17,000 islands, to help spreadpower and wealth moreevenly across the country.

The development is welcomed by many in thewider province, who hope itwill bring investment andbetter infrastructure. Officialspromise the capital will be amodern, sustainable forest citythat coexists with nature andis carbon neutral by 2045.Others are less convincedthat a new capital is an effectivesolution to Jakarta’ssubsidence, or the best way todecentralise wealth —and itis seen by many as an attemptby the outgoing president,Joko Widodo, to create a grandlegacy. The presidential palace—to be shaped like the country’semblem, the mythologicalbird Garuda— is due to beinaugurated in August.However, critics say thedevelopment is too ambitiousand rushed. They also warn itcould come with high costs,not only to the state —whichwill fund 20% of the $32bnbill— but also to the surroundingenvironment andlocal Indigenous communities.Construction started in July2022, and by 2045 the areais expected to be home to 1.9million people —more thantwice the current population ofBalikpapan, the nearest city.“Nusantara is changingthe shape of everything,”

says Pandi, a member of theIndigenous Balik community.His family has lived in thearea, and depended on nature,for seven generations. He hasalready witnessed the damagebrought by industrialisationover the decades, as areas havebeen deforested to make wayfor plantations.“You can see how the plantationcompany changed theshape of the hill above us now—it made this area prone toflooding in the rainy season,”Pandi says, sitting in the frontroom of his house, which isbuilt on stilts to avoid intrudingwaters. The impact of Nusantara,which is far greater inscale, will be worse, he says.Already, development hasaffected the local environmentand Balik traditions. A damhas been built nearby, Pandisays, which has altered theflow of water at the nearbyriver that the local populationuses for transportation,as well as fishing and pickingnipa leaves. A sacred stone,where his community leavesofferings, has been removed.Graves belonging to Indigenouspeople have been relocatedin some areas.Most people in Pandi’scommunity do not have the papers to prove land ownership,or the resources to fighta legal battle in court.

In November last year,33-year-old Yati Dalia returnedhome to find a notice plasteredto the wall. It ordered her tovacate her home within twoweeks. She has lost the house,as well as the small adjoiningshop she ran. Her siblings losttheir farmland. “It makes usfeel so far away from the areaand from our families,” saysYati, of members of the BalikIndigenous community whohave been forced out.She has been promised 150mrupiah (£7,500) in compensation,but this is yet to materialise,and it is unlikely tocover the cost of another homenearby, she says; land hasbecome more expensive sincethe development began.Myrna Asnawati Safitri, theNusantara authority’s deputyfor environment and naturalresources, says regulationis being finalised that willrecognise areas of historicalsignificance to local communities.Issues such as landdisputes are long-running andcomplex, she says, and untilrecently were the responsibilityonly of the East Kalimantanprovincial government, whichis a separate entity.

The scale of Nusantara —and its huge need for water,energy and infrastructure—means that its impact willbe felt far beyond the coreof the city, where governmentbuildings and officeswill eventually stand, throughto outer rings of the developmentand beyond. On anisland known as the “lungs ofthe world”, which is home tosome of the most endangeredspecies, this makes planningdecisions especially sensitive.Lamale has spent more thantwo decades restoring stretchesof mangrove trees that line theserene waters near his homein Mentawir. The trees werepreviously destroyed to makeway for prawn and fish farms,and to build harbours.His area has been selected asan eco-tourism location in theouter ring of the capital, and sois not at risk of demolition. Buta section —about 15 by 2 km[9.32 by 1.24 mi]— of mangrovehas fallen victim to theconstruction of electricity lines,Lamale says, and there’s now aplan to build a toll road that willcut through the area.It is still not clear how muchwould be removed. “We canimagine how the mangrove willbe affected,” says Lamale. “Ihope the development will beas minimal as possible.” So far,in total, 1,700 hectares [42,000acres] of mangrove have beencut down, says Mappaselle, adirector with the local environmentgroup Pokja Pesisir. Heworries that the entire stretchof the estimated 12,000 hectares[29,600 acres] of mangrovethat lines Balikpapan Bayis vulnerable.

“The more mangrove is cutdown, the greater the catastrophe,”Mappaselle says.Destroying mangrove couldincrease sedimentation in thebay, which sticks to the gillsof some fish species, smotherstheir eggs and damagesthe coral. It also clouds thewater, preventing the seagrassfrom photosynthesising. Whenseagrass is gone, there’s nothingfor the dugong —a marinemammal, sometimes known asa sea cow— to eat.Such changes could alsoleave the local fishing communitieswith no choice butto leave. “The easiest way topush the fishermen out of thearea is to damage their threeessential parts of the sea: todestroy the mangrove, theseagrass and the coral.There will be no fish therethat can be caught by thefishermen,” says Mappaselle.Nusantara authorities saythat mangrove within thecity’s perimeters is protected.However, areas outside arenot, and, regardless, enforcementis a challenge. It is alsounclear how the criticallyendangered local population of Irrawaddy dolphins will beaffected in the long term bythe project, which has seen anincrease in ship traffic.Some fear that, in an effort toattract private investment —to fund 80% of the development—environmentalstandards could be weakened.Environmental groups havelong warned of companiesoperating in the area withlittle oversight.Sulfikar Amir, an associateprofessor at Nanyang TechnologicalUniversity in Singapore,was a spokesperson forthe opposition presidentialcandidate Anies Baswedanin last month’s elections. Hesays it does not appear to bean attractive offer for investors,pointing to a similarproject, Forest City in Johor,Malaysia, which was backedby Chinese funding. “It hasbecome a ghost city and it’sonly 20 minutes from Singapore,”he says.

Foreign investment forthe development has beenslow to arrive. The president,Joko Widodo, widely knownas Jokowi, said in Novemberlast year that the project hadreceived a lot of interest frompotential investors, but hadyet to draw in foreign funding.Back in Pandi’s stiltedhouse, he expresses fears hisvillage will be demolished tomake way for a water managementfacility. He cannotcomprehend leaving. “Myparents’ graveyard is near thishouse,” he says. “If I must go,I must abandon my tradition,my ancestors’ legacy —and allof the memories here.”

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“Of course Italk to myself.SometimesI need expertadvice.”
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SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (39)The Bachelor of TransportationManagement and Logistics (BSc,BTM) program helps students to understandthe principles, management,economics, finances, and other issuesassociated with the global air, maritime,logistics, and transportation systemsof the world by providing themwith tools necessary to learn of thecutting-edge processes, companies,and standards associated with transportation,logistics and supply chainmanagement. The Bachelor of TransportationManagement and Logisticsprogram is offered online via distancelearning. After evaluating bothacademic record and life experience,AIU staff working in conjunctionwith Faculty and Academic Advisorswill assist students in setting up acustom-made program, designed onan individual basis. This flexibility tomeet student needs is seldom foundin other distance learning programs.Our online program does not requireall students to take the samesubjects/courses, use the same books,or learning materials. Instead, theonline Bachelor of TransportationManagement and Logistics curriculumis designed individually bythe student and academic advisor. Itspecifically addresses strengths andweaknesses with respect to marketopportunities in the student’s majorand intended field of work. Understandingthat industry and geographicfactors should influence the contentof the curriculum instead of a standardizedone-fits-all design is thehallmark of AIU’s unique approachto adult education. This philosophyaddresses the dynamic and constantlychanging environment of workingprofessionals by helping adult studentsin reaching their professionaland personal goals within the scope ofthe degree program.

Important:

Below is an example ofthe topics or areas you may developand work on during your studies. Byno means is it a complete or requiredlist as AIU programs do not follow astandardized curriculum. It is meantsolely as a reference point and example.Want to learn more about thecurriculum design at AIU? Go aheadand visit our website, especially theCourse and Curriculum section: https://www.aiu.edu/academic-freedom-andopen-curriculum/

Orientation Courses:

Communication & Investigation(Comprehensive Resume)
Organization Theory(Portfolio)
Experiential Learning(Autobiography)
Academic Evaluation(Questionnaire)
Fundament of Knowledge(Integration Chart)
Fundamental Principles I(Philosophy of Education)
Professional Evaluation(Self Evaluation Matrix)
Development of Graduate Study(Guarantee of an Academic Degree)

Core Courses and Topics

Distribution Channels
Air Transportation
Logistics Technologies & Procedures
Transportation Law
Global Supply Chain
Financial Evaluation
Accounting Principles
Industrial/Consumer Sales
Global Trade Intermediaries
Management Information Systems
Public Policy
Hazardous Material Transportation

Research Project

Bachelor Thesis Project
MBM300 Thesis Proposal
MBM302 Bachelor Thesis(5,000 words)

Publication

Each graduate isencouraged to publish their researchpapers either online in the public domainor through professional journalsand periodicals worldwide.

Contact us to get started

Submit your Online Application, pasteyour resume and any additional comments/questions in the area provided.

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808-924-9567 (Internationally)

Atlantic International University offers distance learning degree programs for adult learnersat bachelors, masters, and doctoral level. With self paced program taken online, AIU lifts theobstacles that keep professional adults from completing their educational goals. Programs areavailable throughout a wide range of majors and areas of study. All of this with a philosophicallyholistic approach towards education fitting within the balance of your life and acknowledgingthe key role each individual can play in their community, country, and the world.Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (40)Atlantic International University is accredited by the Accreditation Service for InternationalSchools, Colleges and Universities (ASIC). ASIC Accreditation is an internationallyrenowned quality standard for colleges and universities. Visit ASIC’s Directory of AccreditedColleges and Universities. ASIC is a member of CHEA International Quality Group(CIQG) in the USA, an approved accreditation body by the Ministerial Department of the Home Officein the UK, and is listed in the International Directory of the Council for Higher Education Accreditation(CHEA). The University is based in the United States and was established by corporate charter in 1998.

Our founding principles are based on theUnited Nations Universal Declaration of HumanRights; per article 26, AIU believes that HigherEducation is a Human Right. The University hasimplemented a paradigm shifting educationalmodel for its academic programs that have allowedit to move closer to this goal through theself-empowerment of its students, decentralizationof the learning process, personalized opencurriculum design, a sustainable learning model,developing 11 core elements of the Human Conditionwithin MYAIU, and utilizing the quasi-infiniteknowledge through the use of information technologycombined with our own capacity to findsolutions to all types of global issues, dynamicproblems, and those of individuals and multidisciplinaryteams. Due to these differentiationsand the university’s mission, only a reputableaccrediting agency with the vision and plasticityto integrate and adapt its processes around AIU’sproven and successful innovative programs couldbe selected. Unfortunately, the vast majority ofaccrediting agencies adhere to and follow obsoleteprocesses and requirements that have outlivedtheir usefulness and are in direct conflict with theuniversity’s mission of offering a unique, dynamic,affordable, quality higher education to the nontraditionalstudent (one who must work, studywhat he really needs for professional advancement,attend family issues, etc.).We believe that adopting outdated requirementsand processes would impose increasedfinancial burdens on students while severelylimiting their opportunities to earn theirdegree and advance in all aspects. Thus,in selecting the ASIC as its accreditingagency, AIU ensured that its uniqueprograms would not be transformed intoa copy or clone of those offered by the 10,000+ colleges and universities around the world.Since ASIC is an international accrediting agencybased outside the United States, we are required bystatute HRS446E to place the following disclaimer:ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY IS NOTACCREDITED BY AN ACCREDITING AGENCYRECOGNIZED BY THE UNITED STATES SECRETARYOF EDUCATION. Note: In the United Statesand abroad, many licensing authorities requireaccredited degrees as the basis for eligibility forlicensing.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (41)In some cases, accredited collegesmay not accept for transfer courses and degreescompleted at unaccredited colleges, and someemployers may require an accredited degree asa basis for eligibility for employment. Potentialstudents should consider how the above may affecttheir interests, AIU respects the unique rules andregulations of each country and does not seek toinfluence the respective authorities. In the eventthat a prospective student wishes to carry out anygovernment review or process in regards to hisuniversity degree, we recommend that the requirementsof such are explored in detail with the relevantauthorities by the prospective student as theuniversity does not intervene in such processes.AIU students can be found in over 180 countries,they actively participate and volunteerin their communities as part of their academicprogram and have allocated thousands of servicehours to diverse causes and initiatives. AIUprograms follow the standards commonly used bycolleges and universities in the United States withregards to the following: academic programstructure, degree issued, transcript, andother graduation documents.AIU graduation documents can includean apostille and authentication from theUS Department of State to facilitate theiruse internationally.

It is acknowledged that the act of learning isendogenous, (from within), rather than exogenous.

This fact is the underlying rationale for“Distance Learning”, in all of the programs offeredby AIU. The combination of the underlyingprinciples of student “self instruction”,(with guidance), collaborative developmentof curriculum unique to each student, andflexibility of time and place of study, providesthe ideal learning environment to satisfyindividual needs.

AIU is an institution ofexperiential learning and nontraditional educationat a distance. There are no classroomsand attendance is not required.

MISSION:

To be a higher learning institutionconcerned about generating culturaldevelopment alternatives likely to besustained in order to lead to a more efficientadministration of the world villageand its environment; exerting human andcommunity rights through diversity withthe ultimate goal of the satisfaction andevolution of the world.

VISION:

The empowerment of the individualtowards the convergence of theworld through a sustainable educationaldesign based on andragogy and omniology.

Dr. Franklin Valcin
Presi den t/Academic Dean
Dr. José Mercado
Chief Executive Officer
Chairman of the Board of Trustees
Ricardo González, PhD
Provost
Dr. Ricardo Gonzalez
Chief Operation Officer
and MKT Director
Linda Collazo
Logistics Coordinator

AIU Tutors Coordinators:

Deborah Rodriguez
Amiakhor Ejaeta
Amanda Gutierrez
William Mora
Miriam James

Admissions Coordinators:
Amalia Aldrett
Sandra Garcia
Junko Shimizu
Veronica Amuz
Alba Ochoa
Jenis Garcia
Judith Brown
Chris Soto
René Cordón
Dr. Anderas Rissler

Academic Coordinators:
Dr. Adesida Oluwafemi
Dr. Emmanuel Gbagu
Dr. Lucia Gorea
Dr. Edgar Colon
Dr. Mario Rios
Freddy Frejus
Dr. Nilani Ljunggren
De Silva
Dr. Scott Wilson
Dr. Mohammad Shaidul Islam

Dr. Miriam Garibaldi
Vice provost for Research
Carolina Valdes
Human Resource Coordinator
Dr. Ofelia Miller
Director of AIU
Carlos Aponte
Teleco mmunications Coordinator
Clara Margalef
Director of Special Projects
of AIU
David Jung
Corporate/Legal Counsel
Juan Pablo Moreno
Director of Operations
Bruce Kim
Advisor/Consultant
Paula Viera
Director of Intelligence Systems
Thomas Kim
Corporate/
Accounting Counsel
Felipe Gomez
Design Director / IT Supervisor
Maricela Esparza
Administrative Coordinator
Kevin Moll
Web Designer
Chris Benjamin
IT and Hosting Support
Daritza Ysla
IT Coordinator
Maria Pastrana
Accounting Coordinator
Daritza Ysla
IT Coordinator
Roberto Aldrett
Communications Coordinator
Nadeem Awan
Chief Programming Officer
Giovanni Castillo
IT Support
Dr. Edward Lambert
Academic Director
Antonella Fonseca
Quality Control & Data Analysis
Dr. Ariadna Romero
Advisor Coordinator
Adrián Varela
Graphic Design
Jhanzaib Awan
Senior Programmer
Vanesa D’Angelo
Content Writer
Leonardo Salas
Human Resource Manager
Jaime Rotlewicz
Dean of Admissions
Benjamin Joseph
IT and Technology Support
Michael Phillips
Registrar’s Office
Rosie Perez
Finance Coordinator

FACULTY AND STAFF PAGE: www.aiu.edu/FacultyStaff.html

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (42)The School of Business and Economicsallows aspiring and practicingprofessionals, managers, and entrepreneursin the private and public sectorsto complete a self paced distancelearning degree program of the highestacademic standard.The ultimate goal is to empowerlearners and help them take advantageof the enormous array of resourcesfrom the world environment in orderto eliminate the current continuum ofpoverty and limitations.Degree programs are designed forthose students whose professional experience has been in business,marketing, administration, economics,finance and management.

Areas of Study:

Accounting, Advertising,Banking, Business Administration,Communications, Ecommerce, Finance,Foreign Affairs, Home Economics,Human Resources, International Business,International Finance, Investing,Globalization, Marketing, Management,Macroeconomics, Microeconomics,Public Administrations, SustainableDevelopment, Public Relations, Telecommunications,Tourism, Trade.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (43)The School of Social and Human Studiesis focused on to the development ofstudies which instill a core commitmentto building a society based on social andeconomic justice and enhancing opportunitiesfor human well being.The founding principles lie on thebasic right of education as outlinedin the Declaration of Human Rights.We instill in our students a sense ofconfidence and self reliance in theirability to access the vast opportunitiesavailable through information channels,the world wide web, private, public,nonprofit, and nongovernmental organizations in an ever expandingglobal community.Degree programs are aimed towardsthose whose professional life has beenrelated to social and human behavior,with the arts, or with cultural studies.

Areas of Study:

Psychology, InternationalAffairs, Sociology, PoliticalSciences, Architecture, Legal Studies,Public Administration, Literatureand languages, Art History, Ministry,African Studies, Middle Eastern Studies,Asian Studies, European Studies,Islamic Studies, Religious Studies.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (44)The School of Science and Engineeringseeks to provide dynamic, integrated,and challenging degree programsdesigned for those whose experienceis in industrial research, scientific production,engineering and the generalsciences. Our system for research andeducation will keep us apace with thetwenty-first century reach scientificadvance in an environmentally andecologically responsible manner to allowfor the sustainability of the humanpopulation. We will foster among ourstudents a demand for ethical behavior,an appreciation for diversity, an understandingof scientific investigation, knowledge of design innovation, acritical appreciation for the importanceof technology and technological changefor the advancement of humanity.

Areas of Study:

Mechanical Engineering,Industrial Engineering, ChemicalEngineering, Civil Engineering, ElectricalEngineering, Computer Engineering,Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics,Communications, PetroleumScience, Information Technology,Telecommunications, Nutrition Science,Agricultural Science, ComputerScience, Sports Science, RenewableEnergy, Geology, Urban Planning.

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (45)With access to a global catalog created and maintained collectively by more than9,000 participating institutions, AIU students have secured excellent researchtools for their study programs.

The AIU online library contains over 2 billion records and over 300 millionbibliographic records that are increasing day by day. The sources spanning thousandsof years and virtually all forms of human expression. There are files of allkinds, from antique inscribed stones to e-books, form wax engravings to MP3s,DVDs and websites. In addition to the archives, the library AIU Online offerselectronic access to more than 149,000 e-books, dozens of databases and morethan 13 million full-text articles with pictures included. Being able to access 60databases and 2393 periodicals with more than 18 million items, guarantees theinformation required to perform the assigned research project. Users will findthat many files are enriched with artistic creations on the covers, indexes, reviews,summaries and other information.

The records usually have informationattached from important libraries. The user can quickly assess the relevance ofthe information and decide if it is the right source.

AIU is striving to regain the significance of theconcept of education, which is rooted into the Latin“educare”, meaning “to pull out”, breaking loose fromthe paradigm of most 21st century universities withtheir focus on “digging and placing information” intostudents’ heads rather than teaching them to think.For AIU, the generation of “clones” that some traditionaluniversities are spreading throughout the realworld is one of the most salient reasons for today’s ills.In fact, students trained at those educational institutionsnever feel a desire to “change the world” or thecurrent status quo; instead, they adjust to the environment,believe everything is fine, and are proud of it all.

IN A WORLD where knowledge and mostly informationexpire just like milk, we must reinvent universityas a whole in which each student, as the key player, isUNIQUE within an intertwined environment.This century’s university must generate newknowledge bits although this may entail its separationfrom both the administrative bureaucracy and thefaculty that evolve there as well.AIU thinks that a university should be increasinglyintegrated into the “real world”, society, the economy,and the holistic human being. As such, it should concentrateon its ultimate goal, which is the student, andget him/her deeply immersed into a daily praxis ofparadigm shifts, along with the Internet and research,all these being presently accessible only to a smallminority of the world community.AIU students must accomplish their self-learningmission while conceptualizing it as the core of dailylife values through the type of experiences that leadto a human being’s progress when information is convertedinto education.The entire AIU family must think of the universityas a setting that values diversity and talent in a waythat trains mankind not only for the present but aboveall for a future that calls everyday for professionalswho empower themselves in academic and professionalareas highly in demand in our modern society.We shall not forget that, at AIU, students areresponsible for discovering their own talents and potential,which they must auto-develop in such a waythat the whole finish product opens up as a flower thatblossoms every year more openly.

THE AIU STANCE is against the idea of the campusas a getaway from day-to-day pressure since webelieve reality is the best potential-enhancer ever; onetruly learns through thinking, brainstorming ideas,which leads to new solutions, and ultimately therebirth of a human being fully integrated in a sustainableworld environment. Self-learning is actualizedmore from within than a top-down vantage point, thatis to say, to influence instead of requesting, ideas morethan power. We need to create a society where solidarity,culture, life, not political or economic rationalismand more than techno structures, are prioritized. Inshort, the characteristics of AIU students and alumniremain independence, creativity, self-confidence, andability to take risk towards new endeavors. This isabout people’s worth based not on what they know buton what they do with what they know.

Read more at: www.aiu.edu

AIU offers educational opportunities in the USA toadults from around the world so that they can use theirown potential to manage their personal, global culturaldevelopment. The foundational axis of our philosophylies upon self-actualized knowledge and information,with no room for obsoleteness, which is embedded intoa DISTANCE LEARNING SYSTEM based on ANDRAGOGYand OMNIOLOGY. The ultimate goal of thisparadigm is to empower learners and help them takeadvantage of the enormous array of resources from theworld environment in order to eliminate the currentcontinuum of poverty and limitations.

This will become a crude reality with respect for,and practice of, human and community rights throughexperiences, investigations, practicum work, and/or examinations. Everything takes place in a settingthat fosters diversity; with advisors and consultantswith doctorate degrees and specializations in HumanDevelopment monitor learning processes, in additionto a worldwide web of colleagues and associations, sothat they can reach the satisfaction and the progressof humanity with peace and harmony.

Contact us to get started

Now, it’s possible to earn your degree in the comfort ofyour own home. For additional information or to see ifyou qualify for admissions please contact us.

Pioneer Plaza / 900 Fort Street Mall 410Honolulu, HI 96813
800-993-0066 (Toll Free in US) [emailprotected]
808-924-9567 (Internationally) www.aiu.edu

Online application:

https://www.aiu.edu/apply3_phone.aspx

Aiu Magazine | May 2024 (2024)
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